| Program | Location |
|---|
| arch | /bin | hardware name (uname -m) |
| base64 | /usr/bin | encode or decode |
| basename | /bin | strip directory components |
| cat | /bin | concatenate |
| chgrp | /bin | change group |
| chmod | /bin | change mode |
| chown | /bin | change owner and/or group |
| chroot | /usr/sbin | run command with new root directory |
| cksum | /usr/bin | CRC checksum and byte count |
| comm | /usr/bin | compare sorted files line by line |
| cp | /bin | copy files and directories |
| csplit | /usr/bin | output pieces of a file |
| cut | /bin | output selected parts of lines |
| date | /bin | output or set system date and time |
| dd | /bin | copy, convert and format |
| df | /bin | output file system information |
| dir | /usr/bin | list file information (ls -Cb) |
| dircolors | /usr/bin | set ls colours |
| dirname | /usr/bin | strip basename component |
| du | /usr/bin | disk usage |
| echo | /bin | output (printf "%b\n$*") |
| env | /bin | output or set environment variables |
| expand | /usr/bin | convert tabs to spaces |
| expr | /bin | evaluate expressions |
| factor | /usr/bin | output prime factors of integers |
| false | /bin | do nothing, unsuccessfully |
| fmt | /usr/bin | reformat text |
| fold | /usr/bin | wrap text |
| groups | /usr/bin | output group memberships for users |
| head | /usr/bin | output the first part |
| hostid | /usr/bin | output hex identifier |
| hostname | /bin | output or set hostname, domain, ip address |
| id | /bin | output user and group information for user |
| install | /usr/bin | copy files and set attributes |
| join | /usr/bin | join sorted files |
| kill | /bin | terminate a process |
| link | /bin | make hard link |
| ln | /bin | make hard or symbolic link |
| logname | /usr/bin | return the user's login name |
| ls | /bin | list file information |
| md5sum | /usr/bin | compute/check 128-bit MD5 digest |
| mkdir | /bin | create directories |
| mkfifo | /usr/bin | create FIFOs (named pipes) |
| mknod | /bin | create block, FIFO or character special files |
| mktemp | /bin | make unique temporary files |
| mv | /bin | move and/or rename |
| nice | /bin | run with modified process scheduling |
| nl | /usr/bin | output with line numbers |
| nohup | /usr/bin | run ignoring hangup signals |
| nproc | /usr/bin | output available processors |
| numfmt | /usr/bin | reformat numbers |
| od | /usr/bin | dump files in various formats |
| paste | /usr/bin | merge corresponding or subsequent lines |
| pathchk | /usr/bin | diagnose invalid or unportable file names |
| pr | /usr/bin | paginate or columnate |
| printenv | /usr/bin | output environment variables (env) |
| printf | /usr/bin | print formatted |
| ptx | /usr/bin | permuted index |
| pwd | /bin | print working directory |
| readlink | /usr/bin | output value of a symlink |
| realpath | /usr/bin | output resolved absolute file name |
| rm | /bin | remove files (unlink) or directories |
| rmdir | /bin | remove empty directories |
| seq | /usr/bin | output numeric sequences |
| sha1sum | /usr/bin | compute/check 160-bit SHA digest |
| sha224sum | /usr/bin | compute/check 224-bit SHA digest |
| sha256sum | /usr/bin | compute/check 256-bit SHA digest |
| sha384sum | /usr/bin | compute/check 384-bit SHA digest |
| sha512sum | /usr/bin | compute/check 512-bit SHA digest |
| shred | /usr/bin | overwrite files |
| shuf | /usr/bin | output random permutation (shuffle) |
| sleep | /bin | delay |
| sort | /bin | sort, merge or compare |
| split | /usr/bin | split files |
| stat | /bin | report file or file system status |
| stdbuf | /usr/bin | run with modified I/O stream |
| stty | /bin | output or change terminal characteristics |
| sum | /usr/bin | compute 16-bit checksum |
| sync | /bin | force cached disk writes |
| tac | /bin | concatenate in reverse |
| tail | /usr/bin | output the last part |
| tee | /usr/bin | copy/redirect output |
| test | /usr/bin | evaluate expressions |
| timeout | /usr/bin | run with a time limit |
| touch | /bin | change timestamps |
| tr | /usr/bin | translate, squeeze and/or delete |
| true | /bin | do nothing, successfully |
| truncate | /usr/bin | shrink or extend the size of files |
| tsort | /usr/bin | topological sort |
| tty | /usr/bin | output terminal device |
| uname | /bin | output system information |
| unexpand | /usr/bin | convert spaces to tabs |
| uniq | /usr/bin | filter adjacent matching lines |
| unlink | /bin | remove a file (rm) |
| uptime | /usr/bin | system uptime and load |
| users | /usr/bin | output who is currently logged in |
| vdir | /usr/bin | list file information (ls -lb) |
| wc | /usr/bin | count bytes, characters, words, lines |
| who | /usr/bin | verbose output of who is currently logged in |
| whoami | /usr/bin | effective user id |
| yes | /usr/bin | repeatedly print a string until interrupted |
